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East Bay Municipal Utility District
East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD), colloquially referred to as "East Bay Mud", provides water and sewage treatment services for an area of approximately 331 square miles in the eastern side of the San Francisco Bay.〔Section 9.0 East Bay Municipal Utility District Water and Wastewater Service〕 As of 2007, EBMUD serves approximately 1.3 million people〔Section 9.0 East Bay Municipal Utility District Water and Wastewater Service〕 in portions of Alameda County and Contra Costa County in California, including the cities of Richmond, El Cerrito, Hercules, San Pablo, Pinole, Lafayette, Danville, Oakland, Piedmont, Emeryville, Berkeley, Albany, Alameda, San Leandro, neighboring unincorporated regions, and portions of cities such as Hayward and San Ramon.〔()〕 EBMUD currently has an average annual growth rate of 0.8% and is projected to serve 1.6 million people by 2030. EBMUD's administrative offices, located in Oakland, own and maintain 2 water storage reservoirs on the Mokelumne River, 5 terminal reservoirs, 91 miles of water transmission aqueducts, 4,100 miles of water mains, 6 water treatment plants, 29 miles of wastewater interceptor sewer lines and a regional wastewater treatment facility rated at a maximum treatment capacity of 320 MGD.〔Section 9.0 East Bay Municipal Utility District Water and Wastewater Service〕
==History==
In 1923, EBMUD was founded due to the rapid population growth and severe drought in the area. The district constructed Pardee Dam (finished in 1929) on the Mokelumne River in the Sierra Nevada, and a large steel pipe Mokelumne Aqueduct to transport the water from Pardee Reservoir across the Central Valley to the San Pablo Reservoir located in the hills of the East Bay region. In subsequent years, EBMUD constructed two additional aqueducts to distribute water to several other East Bay reservoirs. From the various large regional reservoirs, water is transported to treatment plants and delivered to local reservoirs and tanks, thence distributed by gravity to households.
In the 1980s with federal grant funding, EBMUD undertook a major facility expansion to accommodate wet weather waste water overflow (i.e. the vastly increased system demand in the rainy season). This project took many years of construction for implementation, after the planning and Environmental Impact Statement phases.
In May 2008, EBMUD announced severe drought and austerity measures for its customers. With the easing of the drought, these measures were rescinded in 2010. EBMUD announced mandatory water rationing again in August 2014.〔()〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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